Although decline in cognitive functions is often observed with aging, language functions show a pattern of both impaired and spared performance. Semantic processes, such as vocabulary, are well maintained throughout adulthood. In contrast, older adults show impairments in phonological aspects of language production such as in increased slips of the tongue and increased pauses during speech. This asymmetric pattern suggests a fundamental difference in the cognitive and neural organization of these two language abilities. Moreover, language production abilities interact with general cognitive functions such as inhibition and planning. In this talk, I will discuss our most recent work which incorporated a phonological go-no go task to examine the interaction between language production and executive function abilities. I will also discuss our work examining how cognition, behavior, and neural factors relate to each other and how they contribute to language function in healthy younger and older adults.